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Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine how the Coronavirus epidemic has affected the compassion of dentistry students in Bhubaneswar. Materials and Equipment: In this study, undergraduate dental students in Bhubaneswar served as the research subjects for a cross-sectional analysis. Following informed permission, dental school students from two time periods (one before and one after the occurrence of Coronavirus in India) were given the authorized and pretested Toronto Sympathy Poll (TEQ) (Bhubaneswar). A five-point scale was used to indicate members' levels of comprehension. Using a one-way analysis of variance, we compared students' TEQ scores during their four years of dentistry school (investigation of difference). The results of the meetings were analyzed using Tukey's post hoc test. The Chi-square test was used to analyze data collected before and during the recent Coronavirus epidemic (importance level, p 0.05). Only 270 of the 300 dentistry students enrolled in the focus before Coronavirus reached its conclusion;the remaining 260 enrolled thereafter. Comparing results from the same group before and after exposure to the Coronavirus revealed striking discrepancies in the compassion ratings. More than eighty-five percent of individuals answered the survey. As a result of this study's findings, it is concluded that undergraduate dental students' mean empathy ratings increased after COVID-19, indicating a discernibly greater degree of empathy at that time. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently evolving and associated with more complications with invasive fungal infection like mucormycosis. Classically, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and other immunosuppressive conditions like corticosteroid therapy are known risk factors for causing mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Mucormycosis is an invasive fungal infection which rapidly spread to the orbit and brain from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Mucormycosis in COVID-19 is a fatal to the patient. There is possibility of COVID-19 as a trigger factor for diabetic ketoacidosis which predisposes to invasive fungal infections such as mucormycosis. Patients with poorly controlled DM and immunocompromised conditions increase the risk for development of COVID-19 infections in COVID-19 patients. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, a myriad of clinical manifestations and complications are emerged. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis is a fatal clinical entity associated with COVID-19 infections resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. The treatment includes both medical and surgical interventions. It requires early and adequate treatment with amphotericin B and surgical debridement and control of risk factors. A multidisciplinary approach by otorhinolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and dentists is successful for treatment of COVID-19 patients with mucormycosis in the head-and-neck region. Identification of the risk factors and early preventive measures will minimize the incidence of life-threatening mucormycosis in the head-and-neck area of COVID-19 patients.
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and rapidly spreading all over the world. COVID-19 patients might present with higher susceptibility to fungal co-infection. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease characterized by vascular invasion by hyphae, leading to thrombosis and necrosis. Currently, COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is creating a threat to patient's life in the community and is considered a fatal clinical entity in the Indian subcontinent. Mucormycosis is emerging as a matter of concern in COVID-19 patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities as risk factors. Here, a 48-year-old man previously admitted to the COVID hospital due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection presented with foreign body sensation and was later diagnosed with primary mucormycosis at the palatine tonsils. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with surgery followed by liposomal amphotericin B are essential for the successful management of the CAM. © Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 2022.
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Introduction: The world is enveloped with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic with modern medicine and public health facing their most significant challenges ever posed. As the number of COVID-19 cases increased worldwide, an important issue of concern was the continuation of routine immunization services for children. This study has been conceptualized to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant Immunization. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive study conducted in an urban community amongst healthy children < 1-year-old from January 2018 to September 2021. Immunization records of infants were obtained from data generated during each immunization session and strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis was done using a questionnaire. Results: During the study, a total of 3518 vaccinations were done, a total of 3010 vaccinations (85.5%) were done on time, and the total delayed vaccinations were 508 (14.5%). The difference among the years was statistically significant, with the highest delay in the year 2020 (P < 0.001). However, in the year 2021, the number of vaccinations carried out from April to September was 568, with delayed vaccination of only 10.9%. Conclusion: The Armed Forces childhood immunization program could be sustained during the COVID-19 pandemic due to a multitude of contributing factors such as adherence to national guidelines that prioritized vaccination, infrastructure, and availability of trained workforce and most importantly commitment to strict COVID appropriate behavior.
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BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread all over world and is outpacing the resources and capacity of health care systems. This rapidly spreading COVI D-19 infection is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has been challenging the medical community and keeping the whole world in great threat to an unprecedented degree. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review article is to describe details of social distancing, hand hygiene and wearing face masks including there role in controlling the current COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: We conducted an electronic search of Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline and PubMed databases for articles between June to September 2021. RESULTS: The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted from person to person by respiratory droplets or contact with an infected person. There are no established medications and vaccine available until now to restrain the transmission of the COVID-19 infection. Currently, social distancing, hand hygiene and wearing a mask are key steps to lower the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in COVID-19 pandemic. As this infection is highly contagious via a respiratory pathway through coughing, sneezing and contact with an infected surface, the spread can be reduced by the proper practice of social distancing, hand hygiene or frequent hand washing and wearing mask. These universal precautions should be done as COVID-19 patients may be asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Social distancing, hand washing and wearing face masks are cheap and widely acceptable methods for the prevention of the COVID-19 infection. The goal of this review paper is to discuss social distancing, hand hygiene and face mask information, including its role in managing the current COVID-19 pandemic
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Objective: To study the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis in the head and neck region of the patients along with patient details, clinical manifestations and management. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) carried out at a postgraduate teaching hospital. This study was conducted between March 2020 to April 2021. A patient profile such as age, sex, comorbidities, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of the CAM were analyzed. Results: There were 11 patients of CAM were enrolled in this study. There were eight male and three female patients, aged from 3 years to 72 years. Out of the 11 patients, 8 were diabetic (72.72%). Three patients (27.27%) were taking prolonged systemic steroids with a long hospital ICU stay. One child (9.09%) was under chemotherapy for acute leukemia. The common clinical symptoms were facial swelling, facial pain, nasal block and nasal discharge. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination and fungal culture with Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) showing Rhizopus oryzae. All were treated with endoscopic surgical debridement and amphotericin B. One case died because of cerebral involvement. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and prompt treatment for CAM are required. Aggressive endoscopic surgical debridement for local control and appropriate systemic antifungal treatment will help to improve the prognosis and survival of the patients. © 2021
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Aim: Mucormycosis is a rare but severe fungal infection, particularly found in immunocompromised patients. Currently this dreaded mucormycosis is rising among COVID-19 paediatric patients during their treatment period or after their discharge from hospital. It is also called as black fungus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) in head and neck region of the paediatric patients with its clinical manifestations and management. Material and methods: This is a descriptive and prospective study of paediatric patients with COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) carried out at a postgraduate teaching hospital. This study was conducted between March 2020 to April 2021. Patient profile such as age, sex, comorbidities, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of the CAM were analysed. There were 12 paediatric patients of CAM were enrolled in this study. Results: Out of 12 paediatric patients of CAM, there were eight male and four female patients, aged from 3 years to 16 years. Out of the 12 patients, 3 were diabetic (25%). Three patients (25%) were taking prolonged systemic steroids with prolonged hospital ICU stay. Two children (16.66%) were under chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. The common clinical symptoms were facial swelling, facial pain, nasal block and nasal discharge. Diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. All were treated with endoscopic surgical debridement and amphotericin B. Two patients were passed away;one was due to cerebral involvement and another was due to respiratory failure by pneumonia. Conclusions: Early identification and prompt treatment in paediatric patients with CAM are required. Aggressive endoscopic surgical debridement for local control and appropriate systemic antifungal treatment will help to improve the prognosis and survival of the patients.
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In the era of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), E-learning and digitalization of education are considered to deliver a wide array of benefits that enhance knowledge and performance of the teaching and learning process in higher education institutes, leading to improved learning and teaching efficiency. Integration of digital technologies in education reduces barriers to access education and provides an opportunity for all. In this connection, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to integrate ICT in education, such as online teaching-learning programs through various platforms and organizations. While digital learning breaks several barriers of access to education for all, there are several limitations and issues to access digital education such as poor internet connectivity and bandwidth, lack of digital infrastructure, cost implications, training and development, and unfavorable study environment to address. It is in this regard, to better understand the state of digital education in India, the state of knowledge of research over the years, particularly the implications and impacts of digital education in India, is essential. In this regard, the aim of the study is to know the trends and progress of research in digital education in India. The bibliometric analysis of digital education research in India provides a better understanding of the trends and state of the art of research both for researchers and practitioners. In doing so, authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of digital education research in India terms year-wise and journal-wise publication output, productive authors, country-wise contribution, subject area-wise and funding sponsor-wise publication output, keyword and citation analysis. The study was conducted using the online Scopus database of the documents published on digital education till 2020. The study result shows that the progress of digital education research in India has increased over the years the research output published in top-tier journals was limited. Authors who have been affiliated to Indian universities contributed the most. Major research themes were E-learning, distance education, digital literacy, medical education, mobile learning, digital India, simulation, virtual labs, MOOCS, and COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a dreaded disease affecting the whole world with no proven pharmaceutical intervention and also no proven vaccine available till now. It is caused by a novel virus called as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This virus is highly contagious and spread through the droplets of the infected persons by coughing, sneezing, or even touching the infected surface. In such situation, prevention is an important option to control this COVID-19 infection. The role of the handwashing for preventing the communicable diseases has been known for more than century. Handwashing is an inexpensive and widely available protective measure for both personal and pandemic prevention of the viral respiratory tract infections. However, it remains a neglected public health measure in pandemic. Educating for hand hygiene is remarkably beneficial for prevention of the COVID-19 infections. Alcohol-based sanitizers with moisturizers have least irritancy and sensitizing potential in comparison to the soaps and synthetic detergents.
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Steam inhalation is widely practiced home remedies in upper respiratory tract infections or upper airway allergy for soothing the airway and opening of the nasal passages. Clinical presentations of the upper airway such as nasal block and nasal discharge are often relieved which improve the quality of life. Mild to moderate symptoms of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections are usually benefited from the steam inhalation. Severe symptomatic patients are often associated with dyspnea and need ventilator or oxygen, so unable to do steam inhalation. The COVID-19 infection is highly contagious disease caused by the novel coronavirus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2).This virus is enveloped virus which is sensitive to the heat and destroyed by the temperature tolerable to the human being. The viability of the virus is usually lost at higher temperature like in steam inhalation and so useful for treatment of the COVID-19 infections. Steam inhalation is a cheap and easily available therapeutic modality for COVID-19 infection. Steam inhalation can be used as adjuvant treatment by COVID-19 patients along with use of the face mask, social distancing and hand wash. There is little work on the steam inhalation for treatment of the COVID-19 infections. This review article discusses on the benefit of the steam inhalation and used as an adjuvant treatment during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Introduction: Steam inhalations are often used for the treatment of the viral infections of the respiratory tract such as common cold or croup. Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the steam inhalation on COVID-19 infection. Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study. The participants of this study were COVID-19 positive health care professionals and divided into two groups such as Group-A and Group-B. Group-A included 52 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients whereas Group-B included 44 symptomatic COVID-19 patients. The steam with a temperature of 42 0C to 45 0C was inhaled by all of Group-A and Group-B patients. Results: There were 52 asymptomatic COVID-19 patients in Group-A where 34 male and 18 female patients with a male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Out of the 44 symptomatic COVID-19 patients, 28 male and 16 female with male to female ratio was 1.75:1 The age ranges of the participant patients were 22 years to 68 years with a mean age of 38±16 years. All the mild and moderate symptomatic patients except one became symptom-free by one week use of steam inhalation. Conclusions: The symptoms of the COVID-19 patients were drastically reduced after use of the steam inhalation. The favourable effect of the steam inhalation for reducing the symptoms of the COVID-19 infections is to decrease the severity and duration of this infection and it also justifies its therapeutic application and acts as a ray of hope in this dreaded pandemic. © @IJCRR.
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Objective: To study the sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in patients with COVID-19 infections. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. There were 16 COVID-19 patients participated in this study those presented with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The study was done between March 2020 to August 2020. All these patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection with help of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Results: Out of 652 COVID-19 patients, 16 (2.45%) patients diagnosed with SSNHL. Out of 16 patients with SSNHL, 11 (68.75%) were male and 5 (31.25%) were female with male to female ratio of 2.2:1. The age ranges of the participants were 38 to 72 years with a mean age of 48.42 years. There were 14 (87.50%) patients were presented with unilateral and 2 (12.50%) were presented with bilateral SSNHL. There were left sided SSNHL in 9 patients (56.25%) and right side SSNHL in 5 patients (31.25%). Conclusion: There should be continuous monitoring of the SSNHL. Tracing COVID-19 infection is needed to ensure a detailed understanding of this inner ear pathogenesis. © 2020. All rights reserved.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus(SARS CoV-2). Clinically COVID-19 presented with respiratory illness and also death is a possible outcome. Hearing loss is an interesting clinical outcome associated with COVID-19 infections. Objective: This study is designed to analyze the incidence of hearing loss in COVID-19 patients after discharge from the COVID-19 hospital. Methods: Twenty-eight patients of COVID-19 discharged from COVID hospital presenting with hearing loss participated in this study. The age ranges from 16 years to 52 years. Patients those had hearing loss before admission to COVID hospital were excluded from this study. All these patients underwent pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and Otoacoustic emission study. Results: Out of 28 patients, 18 (64.28%) were male and 10 (35.71%) were female with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The age ranges of the participants were 16 to 52 years. Twenty-two patients presented with unilateral hearing loss and six presented with bilateral hearing loss. Out of 28 patients, 24 (85.71%) were presented with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 4 (14.28%) presented with conductive hearing loss. Out of the 28 patient 21 patients (75%) presented with unilateral hearing loss whereas 17 (60.71%) showed sudden-onset hearing loss. Conclusion: Hearing loss in COVID-19 has not received much attention by the medical professionals.COVID-19 infection could have deleterious effects on the inner ear specifically on the hair cells of the cochlea despite patients are asymptomatic. The proper understanding of the mechanisms behind hearing loss in COVID-19 infections needs further research. © IJCRR.
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In the 21st century where science and its technology have revolutionized the world, there has been also a remarkable increase in the infectious diseases which have disastrously affected mankind. From the past when millions of people die due to chickenpox and measles in America till today when a virus like the SARS, Coronavirus (COVID 19) has challenged the world, which is a highly infectious disease. Infectious disease reports the main cause of death in this global world. Despite high equipment facilities and technology, this type of disease has regularly challenged the global scenario. Infectious diseases are particularly important causes of death among the people who are elderly, immunocompromised, already having a chronic disease and also to whom who are suffering from malnutrition. The article focuses on the mechanisms by which the infectious agents cause pathology, various routes of infection and also throws light on the different microbial agents which are causing various infectious diseases. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.
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Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, Indian health authorities implemented massive measures to control the rapid spread of infection. Nonetheless, even during pandemic, pregnant women need constant obstetrics consultations during the antepartum period and adequate care during intrapartum and postpartum period for uneventful outcome. Undeniably, adherence to these control measures is largely affected by knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. Aims and Objectives: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 amongst pregnant women and to find the association of demographic variables (age, place of residence, and education) with KAP. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted for pregnant women attending the outpatient department of Obstetrics in a tertiary care Defense hospital. We investigated 506 pregnant women serially from Obstetrics OPD of the hospital for KAP towards COVID-19 with a questionnaire of 14 questions. The study population was assessed for the KAP score and association of demographic variables with KAP. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings. Median and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for KAP and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of demographic variables with KAP. Results: In our study scores for adequate knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices were 75.3 %, 73.9%, and 92.7 % respectively. The analysis of the association of various demographic variables with KAP about COVID-19 revealed significant association. Conclusion: The majority of pregnant women was knowledgeable about COVID-19 and had positive attitude and good practices. However, health authorities may need to take proactive steps for this vulnerable subpopulation.
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COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading infection caused by novel corona virus. It is a challenging to the medical community in an unprecedented degree. Clinicians and health care workers are at added risk for infection during the procedure performing at the intensive critical care unit (ICU). Tracheostomy is a common surgical procedure performed at ICU for prolonged ventilation of the patient. Performing tracheostomy is currently a challenging for otolaryngologist at the ICU because of high chance of spread of the virus to the surrounding health care workers and also to the other patients. The location for this procedure in ICU should be well ventilated and the pressure in the room must be maintained negative or neutral. The health care personnel particularly Otolaryngologists have a central role for managing this situations where they are assessing the patients, preventing the contamination to other assisting staff and other patients. As there is progressive rise of the COVID-19 patients worldwide, it is surely expected that several patients may need intubation and mechanical ventilation. So, in this condition, patient my require tracheostomy for prolonged ventilation. Because of the very minimum literature available regarding tracheostomy in the COVID-19 pandemic, so this review article will surely increase awareness among health care workers and surgical team for prevention of the transmission of the infection from tracheostomy to medical staffs and other patients.